LLM application workflows often involve multiple calls to managed LLM platforms, making it difficult to identify the root causes of errors or latency issues during troubleshooting. Assessing the functional performance of LLM apps—such as evaluating input and response quality and detecting deviations—can be equally complex. Additionally, security vulnerabilities like prompt injection attacks pose significant risks, allowing attackers to manipulate LLMs to expose sensitive data, perform unauthorized actions, or generate inappropriate content.