Ask anyone to name pivotal moments in history, and a few famous ones are likely to come up. Alexander Graham Bell makes the first-ever phone call. Tim Berners-Lee introduces the internet we know today. Steve Jobs unveils the first-generation iPhone. These inventions fundamentally changed the way we communicate, live and work.

A look back into the decades-long history of AI reveals several peaks and valleys of public interest — respectively, AI springs and winters — since its inception in the mid-1950s. The release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in late 2022 introduced generative AI into the mainstream, marking another pivotal moment that will someday be in the history books. It launched an AI spring that we believe will deeply impact the course of industry and society for decades to come.